Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) is a common but often under-recognised condition that leads to thinning of the vaginal and urinary tract tissues, altering the local microbiome and weakening natural defences. Addressing GSM early is essential, as it not only improves comfort and quality of life but also helps reduce the risk of complications such as urinary tract infections (UTIs).
UTIs remain a leading cause of illness and even mortality among the elderly. In many women, declining oestrogen levels play a key role in their development. With rising antibiotic resistance and growing awareness of gut microbiome disruption, adopting holistic, comprehensive strategies for prevention and care & addressing both hormonal and non-hormonal factors has become increasingly important.

• In this session, I will explore the underlying theory of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM), highlight safe and effective methods for its diagnosis and treatment, and emphasise the critical role of addressing GSM as part of a broader strategy for managing recurrent or chronic urinary tract infections.